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The Dalai Lama is a monk of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism〔Schaik, Sam van. ''Tibet: A History''. Yale University Press 2011, page 129, "Gelug: the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism".〕 founded by Je Tsongkhapa. The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso. The Dalai Lama is considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus who are believed〔 to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara,〔 the Bodhisattva of Compassion, called Chenrezig in Tibetan.〔Laird 2006, p.12〕 The name is a combination of the Mongolic word ''dalai'' meaning "ocean" (being the translation of the Tibetan name, 'Gyatso')〔Laird 2006, p.143〕 and the Tibetan word (''bla-ma) ''meaning "guru, teacher, mentor". The Tibetan word "lama" corresponds to the better known Sanskrit word "guru".〔("lama" ) from Encyclopædia Britannica〕 From 1642 until the 1950s (except for 1705 to 1750), the Dalai Lamas or their regents headed the Tibetan government or Ganden Phodrang which governed all or most of the Tibetan plateau from Lhasa with varying degrees of autonomy. This government was generally subject to the patronage and protection of firstly Mongol kings of the Khoshut and Dzungar Khanates (1642-1720) and then of the emperors of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1720-1912).〔Smith 1997, pp.107–149〕 ==History== (詳細はCentral Asian Buddhist countries it has been widely believed for the last millennium that Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, has a special relationship with the people of Tibet and intervenes in their fate by incarnating as benevolent rulers and teachers such as the Dalai Lamas. This is according to ''The Book of Kadam'', the main text of the Kadampa school, to which the First Dalai Lama, Gendun Drup, first belonged. In fact, this text is said to have ‘laid the foundation’ for the Tibetans' later identification of the Dalai Lamas as incarnations of Avalokiteśvara. It traces the legend of the bodhisattva’s incarnations as early Tibetan kings and emperors such as Songsten Gampo and later as Dromtönpa (1004-1064). This lineage has been extrapolated by Tibetans up to and including the Dalai Lamas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dalai Lama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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